What must the give way vessel do to avoid a collision?

The correct choice emphasizes that the give way vessel must take early and substantial action to avoid a collision. This principle is based on maritime navigation rules, particularly the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which dictate that the vessel with the obligation to give way should proactively maneuver to ensure safety.

Taking early and substantial action means that the give way vessel should not only react to the presence of another vessel but also anticipate potential dangers and adjust its course and speed accordingly. This proactive approach helps prevent misunderstandings and potential accidents, ensuring that both vessels are aware of each other’s intentions and movements.

In contrast, maintaining course and speed would not sufficiently mitigate the risk of a collision, particularly if another vessel is on a converging path. Stopping and turning around may not be feasible or practical in many scenarios, and waiting for the stand-on vessel to change course could result in delayed actions that are unsafe. The priority is always to prevent collisions through timely and decisive actions.